Career Opportunities

Education Required A Ph.D. in physics, astronomy, or a related field is needed for jobs in research or academia or for independent research positions in industry. Training Required Many physics and astronomy Ph.D. holders who seek employment as full-time researchers begin their careers in a temporary postdoctoral research position, which typically lasts 2 to 3 years. During their postdoctoral appointment, they work with experienced scientists and continue to learn about their specialties or develop a broader understanding of related areas of research. Senior scientists may carefully supervise their initial work, but as these postdoctoral workers gain experience, they usually do more complex tasks and have greater independence in their work. Job Outlook The projected percent change in employment from 2016 to 2026: 14% (Faster than average)
Advancement With experience, physicists and astronomers may gain greater independence in their work, as well as larger research budgets. Those in university positions may also gain tenure with more experience. Some physicists and astronomers move into managerial positions, typically as a natural sciences manager, and spend a large part of their time preparing budgets and schedules. Physicists and astronomers need a Ph.D. for most management positions. Licenses/Certifications Some positions with the federal government, such as those involving nuclear energy and other sensitive research areas, may require applicants to be U.S. citizens and hold a security clearance. Median pay: How much do Physicists and Astronomers make? $114,870 Annual Salary $55.23 per hour